To generate lasting hope from the Cop15 outcomes, we need to look in the right direction (What’s this unfamiliar feeling I have after the Cop15 meeting? It might just be hope, 20 December). It is good to hear that biodiversity is being framed with the same international parity as climate change. As promising as the “30 by 30” targets sound, however, that “headline ambition” cannot replace our rich environmental ethics. A target-driven ecological audit culture will not offer much hope for the world’s biodiversity. As with the “net zero” lexicon around climate, these quantitative approaches are the comfort zone of greenwashing corporations and their political allies.
To generate meaningful optimism, we need commitments towards transformative change. For biodiversity, that means a radical overhaul of the food system – halting all the ecocidal practices associated with industrial agriculture. In looking for hope on that front, thanks to the activists at Montreal, we should welcome the inclusion of agroecology in target 10 of the Cop15 agreement. Agroecology – farming with, instead of against, nature – is already practised by millions of small farmers around the world. It is the basis of the discussions taking place again at the Oxford Real Farming Conference in January. If adequately supported in the UK, it would greatly enhance and complement our biodiversity conservation efforts.
Ian Rappel
Talgarth, Powys
• The Guardian asks if Cop15 has delivered for the natural world (Cop15 in Montreal: did the summit deliver for the natural world?, 20 December). I believe it has – because of the newfound global ambition and commitment to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 30% this decade.
But with the deal agreed, the next step must be for governments to strengthen the legal and regulatory framework for the environment. It is this that will determine Cop15’s successful implementation.
We need to look at an international law on ecocide – to be upheld by the international criminal court – that could serve to deter the most damaging practices that underpin systemic biodiversity loss, avert major disasters and realign businesses’ relationship with nature in the long term.
Sophie Dembinski
Head of public policy and UK, Ecosia
